腹壁可正因如此肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他水肿.. Urachal Cyst 腹尿管发炎A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )腹尿管发炎多见于腹和胃之间，通常位于腹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可多见于仅位于腹下。这些发炎可表现为完全无调谐或更高调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 所示11A，腹尿管发炎，此发炎已受细菌感染，内部成份微弱调谐的液体。B，腹尿管发炎，缓和的发炎前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis胎盘乳腺甲状腺Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周胎盘乳腺甲状腺是胎盘复发的仍然合并症，无特殊表现，但可于以前外科手术的瘢痕处见一局部肿物，并有规律性的疼痛和水肿。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 所示12 ，剖宫产伤疤处胎盘乳腺甲状腺

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于高烧性咳嗽后、喷嚏或中风高烧后，其根源通常是抗凝放射治疗或出血性传染病。由于血肿受限制于腹直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所处位置而定，在尾端支线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于一侧见到（所示13A）；在尾端支线以下，由于腹白支线缺如，可构建横过中支线，因此血肿表现为分叶状，其较大长度位于横轴上。在新生儿外周血肿可多见于腹上滑动构建（所示13B、C）。术后弥散性毛细血管内凝血的产妇可于外周外科手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（所示13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 所示13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横脾脏。B，新生儿外周血肿。C，一新生儿腹肾脏附着处上面的外周血肿。UV，腹肾脏。D，一弥散性毛细血管内凝血的剖宫产术后产妇疤痕处外周血肿。

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